banks are also subject to regulations when issuing loans
and no - it's not the fractional reserve system
in many sovereigns, like the USA the reserve requirements sit at 0%
there are other regulatory requirements limiting loan issuance
the bank has the legal right to increase the money supply AKA 'print money'
so to give you a $100 loan the bank can just create those $100 and give give them to you
pretty neat arrangement, huh? ๐